Transformation of sentences কাকে বলে? ইহার পরিবর্তন
Sentence- এর অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রেখে ব্যাকরণগত রূপ পরিবর্তন করা হলে তাকে Transformation of sentences বা বাক্যান্তরকরন বলে।
Affirmative to Negative
Example:
He is rich এর Negative রূপ হবে –
He is not poor.
Rule – 1: Alone/ only যুক্ত Affirmative sentence- কে Negative করতে হলে Alone/only এর পরিবর্তে sentence- এর শুরুতে None but বসে।
Example:
Affir: Only Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
Affir: You alone can do it.
Neg: None but you can do it.
Note: বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে nothing but বসে। তবে বয়সের ক্ষেত্রে বা সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে not more than বসে।
Example:
Affir: Only books can enrich our knowledge.
Neg: Nothing but books can enrich our mind.
Affir: He is only 20.
Neg: He is not more than 20.
Rule – 2: Every যুক্ত Affirmative sentence- কে Negative করতে Every এর পরিবর্তে There is no ……. but ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Structure: Every- এর পরিবর্তে there is no + Every-এর পরের শব্দটি +but+ sentence-টির অবশিষ্ট অংশ।
Example:
Affir: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
Affir: Everyone wishes to be happy.
Neg: There is no one but wishes to be happy.
Rule – 1: Sentence-এর মধ্যে Affirmative word থাকলে তার বিপরীত শব্দ বসিয়ে এবং ঐ শব্দের পূর্বে not যোগ করে Negative করা যায়।
Example:
Affir: Man is mortal.
Neg: Man is not immortal.
Affir: He was inactive.
Neg: He was not active.
Rule – 1: Affirmative Sentence- এ always থাকলে Negative করার সময়ে Always- এর পরিবর্তে Never বসাতে হয় এবং প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর Affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ বসাতে হয়।
Example:
Affirmative: I shall always remember you.
Negative: I shall never forget you.
Affirmative: He is always obedient.
Negative: He is never disobedient.
Rule – 1: As soon as যুক্ত Affirmative sentence- কে Negative করতে হলে নিচের structure অনুযায়ী sentence গঠন করতে হয়।
Structure: As soon as-এর পরিবর্তে No sooner বসে + had + subject + verb এর past participle form + প্রথম clause-টির অবশিষ্ট অংশ + than + দ্বিতীয় clause.
Example:
Affir: As soon as the bell rang, we entered our classroom.
Neg: No sooner had the bell rung than we entered our classroom.
Affir: As soon as we got into the train, it left away.
Neg: No sooner had we got into the train than it left away.
Rule – 1: Too …… to যুক্ত Affirmative sentence-কে Negative করতে হলে নিচের Structure-টি অনুসরণ করতে হয়। Structure: Sentence-টির subject + verb + too এর পরিবর্তে so বসে + too – এর পরবর্তী Adjective/ Adverb + that + প্রথম subject টি পুনরায় বসে + tense অনুসারে can not/ could not + to – এর পর থেকে sentence-এর শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
Example:
Affir: He is too lazy to reach there in time.
Neg: He is so lazy that he can not reach there in time.
Affir: The boy was too hungry to wait a bit.
Neg: The boy was so hungry that he could not wait a bit.
Rule – 1: Affirmative sentence-এ All থাকলে All-এর পরিবর্তে no বসে এবং sentence- এর Affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ বসে।
Example:
Affir: All students are attentive.
Neg: No students are inattentive.
Affir: All men are sincere.
Neg: No men are insincere.
Rule – 1: Affirmative sentence-এ must থাকলে Negative করতে must-এর পরিবর্তে can not but অথবা can not help বসে। তবে can not help বসালে পরবর্তী verb-এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়।
Example:
Affir You must do it.
Neg: You can not but do it.
Affir: We must respect our teachers.
Neg: We can not help respecting our teachers.
Rule – 1: Affirmative-এ দুইটি subject/verb/object যদি and দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তবে Negative করার সময়ে প্রথম subject- এর পূর্বে not only এবং প্রথম subject/verb/ object এর পরে and এর পরিবর্তে but also বসে। Example:
Affir: He and his brother were guilty.
Neg: Not only he but also his brother were guilty.
Affir: Noyon bought a book and a pen.
Neg: Noyon bought not only a book but also a pen.
Rule – 1: Affirmative sentence- এ for the last time যুক্ত থাকলে Negative করার সময় never বসাতে হয়।
Example:
Affir: He did it for the last time.
Neg: He never did it.
Affir: You went there for the last time.
Neg: You never went there.
Assertive to Interrogative
Rule 1. Everyone/ everybody/ all যুক্ত Assertive sentence- কে Interrogative করতে হলে নিচের structure-টি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।
Structure: Everyone/ everybody/ all- এর পরিবর্তে who বসে + don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t + verb এর present form + sentence-টির অবশিষ্ট অংশ + প্রশ্নসূচক চিহ্ন (?) বসে।
Example:
Asser: Everyone hates a traitor.
Int: Who doesn’t hate a traitor?
Asser: Everybody supported him.
Int: Who didn’t support him?
Asser: All respect him.
Int: Who don’t respect him?
Rule 2. Assertive sentence- এ nobody/ none/ no one যুক্ত Interrogative করার সময় nobody/ none/ no one এর পরিবর্তে Who বসে + অবশিষ্ট অংশ বসে + sentence-এর শেষে প্রশ্নসূচক চিহ্ন বসে।
Example:
Asser: Nobody believes him.
Int: Who believes him?
Asser: No one can live alone.
Int: Who can live alone?
Asser: None can avoid death.
Int: Who can avoid death?
Rule 3. Auxiliary verb (do, does, am/ is/ are/ was/ were/have/ has/ can/ could) যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Interrogative করতে হলে নিচের নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।
Auxiliary verb টি প্রথমে বসে + n’t বসে + subject + sentence- টির অবশিষ্ট অংশ + প্রশ্নসূচক চিহ্ন (?) বসে।
Example:
Asser: He is studious.
Int: Isn’t he studious?
Asser: You can get the stipend.
Int: Can’t you get the stipend?
Asser: You have made this.
Int: Haven’t you made this?
Rule 4. Auxiliary verb না থাকলে সেক্ষেত্রে Assertive sentence কে Interrogative করতে হলে নিচের নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।
Note: Sentence- টি Present tense-এ থাকলে Interrogative করার সময় শুরুতে Don’t/ Doesn’t বসে। sentence- টি past tense- এ থাকলে Interrogative করার সময় sentence এর শুরুতে Didn’t বসে। Example:
Asser: He takes tea every day.
Int: Doesn’t he take tea every day?
Asser: The boy finished his task.
Int: Didn’t the boy finish his task?
Asser: You work hard.
Int: Don’t you work hard?
Negative word যুক্ত Assertive sentence- কে Interrogative করতে হলে Auxiliary verb টিকে sentence- এর শুরুতে বসাতে হয় এবং Negative word-টি উঠে যায়।
Example:
Asser: You are not sincere in your work.
Int: Are you sincere in your work?
Asser: He does not read attentively.
Int: Does he read attentively?
Rule 5. Assertive sentence-এ nothing বা never থাকলে Interrogative করার সময় nothing- পরিবর্তে anything এবং never-এর পরিবর্তে ever বসে। এক্ষেত্রে যথারীতি Auxiliary verb subject- এর পূর্বে বসে এবং sentence- এর শেষে প্রশ্নসূচক চিহ্ন (?) বসে।
Example:
Asser: There is nothing to say.
Int: Is there anything to say?
Asser: He never tells a lie.
Int: Does he ever tell a lie?
Assertive to Imperative
Rule 1. Assertive sentence টি যদি হ্যাঁবোধক বা Affirmative হয় এবং second person দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে Imperative করার সময় নিচের structure-টি অনুসরণ করতে হয়:
Structure: Sentence টির মূল verb-এর Present form + sentence টির অবশিষ্ট অংশ।
Example:
Asser: You should read attentively.
Imp: Read attentively.
Asser: You are sincere in your studies.
Imp: Be sincere in your studies.
Asser: You help the poor.
Imp: Help the poor.
Rule 2. Assertive sentence-টি যদি না-বোধক বা Negative হয় তবে Imperative করার সময়ে নিচের Structure টি অনুসরণ করতে হয়:
Structure: শুরুতে Do not + sentence-টির মূল verb-এর Present form + sentence-টির অবশিষ্ট অংশ।
Example:
Asser: You should not run in the sun.
Imp: Do not run in the sun.
Asser: You should not waste your time.
Imp: Do not waste your time.
Note: Sentence-এ never যুক্ত থাকলে Imperative করার সময়ে Do not না বসে শুরুতে Never বসে। এরপর verb এবং বাকি অংশ বসে।
Example:
Asser: You should never disobey your parents.
Imp: Never disobey your parents.
Asser: You should never neglect your duties.
Imp: Never neglect your duties.
Rule 3. Assertive sentence- টি যদি First person বা Third person দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে Imperative করতে নিচের structure-টি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।
শুরুতে let বসে + sentence-এর subject-টির objective form বসে + verb এর present form বসে। sentence-টির অবশিষ্ট অংশ বলে।
Example:
Asser: We discuss the matter.
Imp: Let us discuss the matter.
Asser: He finishes his home task.
Imp: Let him finish his home task.
Note: Assertive sentence টি যদি Negative হয় এবং First person বা Third person দ্বারা শুরু হয় তবে let + subjectটির objective form বসানোর পরে একটি not বসে এবং আর সব ঠিক থাকে।
Example:
Asser: He does not make delay.
Imp: Let him not make delay.
Asser: We do not look down upon the poor.
Imp: Let us not look down upon the poor.
Asser: You should respect your olders.
Imp: Respect your olders.
Asser: You do not violate the rules.
Imp: Do not violate the rules.
Asser: We take the decision.
Imp: Let us take the decision.
Asser: We should not tolerate this.
Imp: Let us not tolerate this. A
Asser: You do not run into debt.
Imp: Don’t run into debt.
Exclamatory to Assertive
Rule 1. Exclamatory sentence-কে Assertive করতে নিচের Structure-টি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।
Structure: প্রথমে sentenceটির subject বসে + verb বসে + (a / an বসে যদি প্রদত্ত sentence এ থাকে) + very/ great বসে + adjective বসে + sentence-টির অবশিষ্ট অংশ বসে।
Example:
Excla: How beautiful the flower is!
Asser: The flower is very beautiful.
Excla: What an excellent scenery it is!
Asser: It is very excellent scenery.
Rule 2. Exclamatory sentence টি If/ Had দ্বারা শুরু হলে Assertive করার সময়ে নিচের structure টি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।
Do you want to become a Canadian citizen and have a business?
Canadian business immigration programs offer opportunities for entrepreneurs and investors to establish and expand their businesses in Canada. These programs typically include options like the Start-Up Visa Program, Provincial Nominee Programs, and the Work Permit Programs. They provide a pathway for eligible individuals to obtain permanent residency in Canada by making significant investments or starting and managing businesses, contributing to the country’s economic growth and development.
“Unlock the secrets to business success! Read our article now and take your business to new heights. Click here to get started.”
Hi, unfortunately, I faced challenges with the slow loading speed of your website, leading to frustration. I recommend a service, linked below, that I’ve used personally to significantly improve my website speed. I really love your website…Optimize now
jeff
October 25, 2023 at 11:49 amDo you want to become a Canadian citizen and have a business?
https://arnikavisa.com/canada-investor-visa-learn-about-investment-immigration
jeff
November 30, 2023 at 10:47 amHi, unfortunately, I faced challenges with the slow loading speed of your website, leading to frustration. I recommend a service, linked below, that I’ve used personally to significantly improve my website speed. I really love your website…Optimize now
david
December 8, 2023 at 10:53 amHow about your site
Click here
cialis canada pharmacy no prescription required
February 1, 2024 at 1:30 pmcialis canada pharmacy no prescription required
cialis canada pharmacy no prescription required